为优化变壁厚结构战斗部破片形态以提高毁伤威力,通过砂箱静爆法回收了壳体生成的自然破片,观察分析了破片形态和断裂模式,并采用扫描电子显微镜对典型破片进行了金相分析,得到了破片质量分布和金相图片。结果表明,从小端起爆时壳体发生拉剪混合断裂的范围明显比大端起爆时小;大锥角壳体典型破片靠近端面部分的厚度方向中部存在微裂纹和孔洞,随着厚度减小逐渐消失。变壁厚壳体通过调整结构和起爆端位置可控制破片的大小和形状。

In order to optimize fragments' shape of warhead with variable thickness for increasing damage power, sand box were used to recover fragments from the shells. The fragments' morphology and fracture modes were observed and analyzed, and metallographic analyses of typical fragment were carried out by scanning electron microscope, the mass distribution of fragments and metallographic pictures were got. The results show that: the area of the tensile shear mixed fracture of the shell is significantly smaller than that of the large end when initiation from the small end. There are micro cracks and holes in the middle of the thickness direction of the typical fragment from large taper shell, which near the large end, and disappear as the thickness decrease. The size and shape of the fragments can be controlled by adjusting the structure and initiation position of the shells with variable thickness.