针对采用水平重力方式发射的空射运载火箭,初始速度受风干扰影响存在不确定性,对机箭安全及飞行控制均造成影响问题开展研究。首先分析了地速指向射向、空速指向射向发射的特点;然后给出火箭脱机后的受力过程分析与一级飞行段典型攻角设计剖面;提出一种空速指向射向发射的偏航角设计方法,结合火箭侧向动力学特性,将侧风引起的不可避免的发动机能量损失用于增加机箭侧向安全距离;最后通过典型算例对不同投放方式机箭相对距离、一级关机点速度等参数进行对比。研究结果表明:文中方法既提高了安全性,又降低了姿态控制难度,并兼顾获得较高运载能力。

The initial velocity of airlaunched vehicle is uncertain due to the influence of wind interference, which affects the flight control of airlaunched vehicle and the safety distance between the two aircrafts after a short periods of launching. In this article, characteristics of launching azimuth pointing to ground velocity and airspeed are analyzed firstly. Then force analysis and the typical attack angle design of first stage flight are given. A design method of yaw angle are proposed, combined with the lateral dynamic characteristics of airlaunched vehicle, the inevitable engine energy loss caused by crosswind is used to get lateral distance between launch vehicle and carrier aircraft while launching direction pointing to airspeed. Finally different launch methods are analyzed, typical parameters such as distance between the two aircrafts at initial period of launching and shutdown velocity at the end of first stage flight are compared, which verified that this method can not only improves the safety, but also reduce the difficulty of attitude control, at the same time obtain higher launching capability.