为研究自动榴弹发射器磁流变主动缓冲器的动态特性,建立了发射载荷下磁流变缓冲器与弹簧复合工作模式的缓冲器模型。利用自适应权重的粒子群优化算法对其结构进行优化,通过有限元法对优化前后磁场进行验证。对不同电流状态下缓冲器输出的阻尼力进行分析,得到发射载荷下缓冲器的动态特性。研究发现:在发射载荷下,磁流变缓冲器相对于弹簧液压缓冲器有较快的响应速度,较好的平台效应,较大的阻尼力调节范围,可以有效、快速削弱武器射击时的冲击,进而提高武器复杂环境下射击适应性和射击精度。

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of magnetorheological active buffer of automatic grenade launcher, the buffer model of the compound working mode of magnetorheological buffer and spring under launch load was established. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive weight was used to optimize its structure, and the magnetic field before and after optimization is verified by finite element method. The output damping force of the buffer under different current states was analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics of the buffer under emission load are obtained. It is found that under the launch load, the magnetorheological buffer has faster response speed, better platform effect and larger damping force adjustment range than the spring hydraulic buffer. The good dynamic characteristics of the spring magnetorheological buffer can effectively and quickly weaken the impact of the weapon during firing and improve the shooting adaptability and accuracy of the weapon in the complex environment.