巡飞弹集侦察、打击、评估等多功能于一体,使用成本低、作战部署灵活、探测拦截难,显著提升了对目标的打击精度与能力,成为俄乌冲突等局部战争中的重要武器,引起各军事强国的高度重视。文中总结了巡飞弹的特性,介绍了国内外主要巡飞弹的发展现状,包括美国“弹簧刀”系列、“战鹰”系列,俄罗斯“立方体”系列、“柳叶刀”系列,以色列“英雄”系列、“哈比”系列等具有实战应用的巡飞弹,对比分析了相关巡飞弹性能参数,梳理了巡飞弹发展的关键技术,包括动力技术、抗干扰技术、模块化技术、智能协同作战技术,总结了巡飞弹的发展趋势,在此基础上分析了巡飞弹的作战应用以及对巡飞弹采取的防御手段。

Loitering munitions integrate multiple functions such as reconnaissance, attack, and assessment. They have low usage costs, flexible combat deployment, and are difficult to detect and intercept. They have significantly enhanced the strike accuracy and ability against targets and have become important weapons in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, attracting great attention from major military powers. This paper summarizes the characteristics of loitering munitions, introduces the development status of major loitering munitions at home and abroad, including the “Switchblade” series and “BattleHawk” series of the United States, the “KUB” series and “Lancet” series of Russia, and the “Hero” series and “Harpy” series of Israel, which have practical applications. It comparatively analyzes the performance parameters of relevant loitering munitions, combs the key technologies in the development of loitering munitions, including power technology, anti-interference technology, modular technology, and intelligent cooperative combat technology, summarizes the development trends of loitering munitions, and on this basis, analyzes the combat applications of loitering munitions and the defense means against them.