[an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive]

弹箭与制导学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 3: 430 - 438

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2025.03.023

综述、总体、动力、毁伤、测试及其他

小型无人艇及其反制方法研究进展

  • 高光磊 , 1 ,
  • 胡佳伟 , 2 ,
  • 张治生 2 ,
  • 刘帮龙 2
展开
  • 1 中国人民解放军海军装备部,北京 100036
  • 2 西安现代控制技术研究所,陕西 西安 710065
胡佳伟(1995—),男,工程师,博士。E-mail:

高光磊(1984—),男,工程师,学士。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2024-12-23

  网络出版日期: 2025-07-09

收起

Research Progress on the Small Unmanned Surface Vehicles and the Related Countermeasure Methods

  • GAO Guanglei , 1 ,
  • HU Jiawei , 2 ,
  • ZHANG Zhisheng 2 ,
  • LIU Banglong 2
Expand
  • 1 Equipment Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy, Beijing 100036, China
  • 2 Xi'an Modern Control Technology Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,Shaanxi, China

Received date: 2024-12-23

  Online published: 2025-07-09

Fold

摘要

随着无人作战体系逐步成为重要的海军非对称作战方式,小型无人艇正成为国际军事竞争的关注焦点。各军事强国都在不断研制、装备无人艇,并发展对应的反制技术,但依然面临诸多挑战。本文以无人艇攻防对抗为切入点,聚焦现代战争中海战形态的新变革,综述了国外典型小型无人艇的技术特点、作战模式,及反制手段的发展现状。进一步结合无人艇作战闭环杀伤链展望了综合运用雷达探测、电子侦察与干扰、红外与光电探测、以空制海、水下防御系统等多种手段的反无人艇攻防体系。研究内容可为小型无人艇研制及反制等相关装备的研发和实践提供支撑。

关键词： 无人艇; 目标特性; 反制方法; 智能协同

本文引用格式

高光磊 , 胡佳伟 , 张治生 , 刘帮龙 . 小型无人艇及其反制方法研究进展[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2025 , 45(3) : 430 -438 . DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2025.03.023

Abstract

As unmanned combat systems have increasingly emerged as a critical asymmetric warfare approach in naval operations, small unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have become focal points of international military competition.While leading military powers are actively developing and equipping USVs while advancing countermeasure technologies, significant challenges remain. This study adopts the offensive-defensive dynamics of USVs as its analytical framework, examines the evolving nature of naval warfare in contemporary conflicts, and systematically analyzes the technical specifications, operational tactics, and defensive countermeasures associated with advanced small USVs deployed internationally.Building upon the concept of the USV closed-loop kill chain, we proposes an integrated anti-USV defense architecture that synergistically combines radar surveillance, electronic warfare (reconnaissance/jamming), infrared/electro-optical detection, multi-domain interception systems (air-to-surface/underwater), and asymmetric countermeasures. The findings establish a theoretical foundation for advancing USV-related technologies while providing actionable insights for the development and tactical deployment of next-generation counter-USV systems.

Key words： unmanned surface vehicles; target characteristics; countermeasure methods; intelligent collaboration

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

参考文献

原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序
[1]
陈楠楠, 沈良, 刘颜鹏. 美国海军无人作战能力建设发展分析[J]. 指挥信息系统与技术, 2024, 15 (1): 45-50.

CHEN N N, SHEN L, LIU Y P. Analysis on development of unmanned operation capability construction in U.S. Navy[J]. Command Information System and Technology, 2024, 15 (1): 45-50.

[2]
BORETTI A. Unmanned surface vehicles for naval warfare and maritime security[J]. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, 2024: 15485129241283056.

[3]
李伟, 徐轩彬, 郑振宇. 世界无人艇技术研发动态与作战使用分析[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2022, 42 (4): 4-7.

LI W, XU X B, ZHENG Z Y. Analysis on the development trend and operational use of USV technology in the world[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2022, 42 (4): 4-7.

[4]
胡智焕, 谢威, 刘若楠, 等. 俄乌冲突中无人艇海上作战模式的新突破[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2024, 11(1): 18-22.

HU Z H, XIE W, LIU R N, et al. New breakthrough in USV warfare modeinthe Russia-Ukraine conflict[J]. Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2024, 11(1): 18-22.

[5]
戴金玲, 聂玉宝, 蒋其盼. 乌军无人平台袭击俄黑海舰队的特点及启示[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2024, 40(5): 55-58.

DAI J L, NIE Y B, JIANG Q P. Characteristics and implications of ukrainian unmanned platforms attacking the russian black sea fleet[J]. Space Electronic Countermeasures, 2024, 40(5): 55-58.

[ 6 LJULJ A,

[7]
吴大辉. 乌克兰危机与新军事革命: 无人艇篇[J]. 世界知识, 2023, 4 (15): 72-73.

WU D H. Ukraine crisis and the new military revolution: unmanned surface vehicles[J]. World Knowledge, 2023, 4 (15): 72-73.

[8]
李效祖, 池庆玺, 姜鹏, 等. 俄乌冲突中非对称海陆对抗特点研究及思考[J]. 战术导弹技术, 2023, 2(6): 128-133.

LI X Z, CHI Q X, JIANG P, et al. Study and reflection on the characteristics of asymmetric land and sea confrontation in the Russia-Ukraine conflict[J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2023, 2(6): 128-133.

[9]
郭行, 符文星, 闫杰. 浅析美军马赛克战作战概念及启示[J]. 无人系统技术, 2020, 3(6): 92-106.

GUO X, FU W X, YAN J. Analysis and inspiration of the U.S. Force's concept of mosaic warfare[J]. Unmanned Systems Technology, 2020, 3(6): 92-106.

[10]
杨国强, 朱启超. 美军以“复制者计划”推动军事智能化布局[J]. 世界知识, 2024, 10(3): 44-46.

YANG G Q, ZHU Q C. The U.S. military promotes military intelligence layout with the “Replicator program”[J]. World Knowledge, 2024, 10(3): 44-46.

[11]
杨光, 卢发兴, 徐俊飞, 等. 马赛克战对海军体系作战关键技术发展的启示[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2022, 17(1): 19-25.

YANG G, LU F X, XU J F, et al. Implications from mosaic warfare to the development of PLA navysystem-of-systems combat key technologies[J]. Journal of CAEIT, 2022, 17(1): 19-25.

[12]
黄诘, 赵育良, 黎志强, 等. 无人化作战对未来海战的影响[J]. 军事文摘, 2021, 2 (13): 24-28.

HUANG J, ZHAO Y L, LI Z Q, et al. The impact of unmanned operations on future naval warfare[J]. Military Abstracts, 2021, 2 (13): 24-28.

[13]
胡智焕, 谢威, 刘若楠, 等. 俄乌冲突中无人艇海上作战模式的新突破[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2024, 11(1): 18-22.

HU Z H, XIE W, LIU R N, et al. Enlightenment of Russia-Ukraine naval battle to construction of chinese naval forces[J]. Digital Ocean & Underwater Warfare, 2024, 11(1): 18-22.

[14]
CONGRESSIONAL R S. Navy large unmanned surface and undersea vehicles: background and issues for congress[R]. 2020.

[15]
MANLEY J E. 30 years without crews: An assessment of uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) developments since 1993[C]//OCEANS 2023-MTS/IEEE US Gulf Coast. IEEE, 2023: 1-5.

[16]
张韩西子, 倪海参, 石正坤, 等. 水面无人艇发展趋势及关键技术展望[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2024, 46(8): 108-111.

ZHANG H X Z, NI H C, SHI Z K, et al. Expectation of the development trend and key technologies of unmanned surface vehicle[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2024, 46(8): 108-111.

[17]
张家奎, 李晓东, 周河宇, 等. 俄乌冲突中无人艇作战运用的分析研究[J]. 数字海洋与水下攻防, 2024, 7(6): 616-622.

ZHANG J K, LI X D, ZHOU H Y, et al. Analysis and research on the combat application of unmanned vessels in the Russia-Ukraine conflict[J]. Digital Ocean & Underwater Attack and Defense, 2024, 7(6): 616-622.

[18]
程烨. 小型无人艇研究现状及关键技术[J]. 中国造船, 2020, 61 (S1): 241-249.

CHENG Y. Research status and key technologies of small usv[J]. Shipbuilding of China, 2020, 61 (S1): 241-249.

[19]
曹鑫, 崔东华, 冯炜, 等. 舰炮末敏弹反水面无人艇群射击效能仿真分析[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2022, 43(7): 191-196.

CAO X, CU D H, FENG W, et al. Simulation analysis of firing efficiency of naval gun terminasensitive projectile against surface unmanned boats[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2022, 43(7): 191-196.

[20]
查月, 汤晔. 红外海面小目标检测算法综述[J]. 宇航计测技术, 2022, 42(6): 57-65.

ZHA Y, TANG Y. Review of infrared sea surface small-target detection algorithm[J]. Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement, 2022, 42(6): 57-65.

[21]
陈彬. 海面背景下舰船目标红外辐射特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.

CHEN B. Research on infrared radiation characteristics of naval vessel target in the sea background[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015.

[22]
沈彤. 基于声呐图像的小目标检测算法研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2020.

CHEN T. Research on small target detection algorithm based on sonar image[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2020.

[23]
谢伟, 陶浩, 龚俊斌, 等. 海上无人系统集群发展现状及关键技术研究进展[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2021, 16(1): 7-17.

XIE W, TAO H, GONG J B, et al. Research advances in the development status and key technology of unmanned marine vehicle swarm operation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2021, 16(1): 7-17.

[24]
李伟, 徐轩彬, 郑振宇. 世界无人艇技术研发动态与作战使用分析[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2022, 42(4): 4-7.

LI W, XU X B, ZHENG Z Y. Technology in the world analysis on the development trend and operational use of USV[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2022, 42(4): 4-7.

[25]
尚世锋. 美国无人艇集群新愿景: 美海军无人艇海战新战术初探[J]. 坦克装甲车辆, 2024, 1(8): 26-32.

SHANG S F. The new vision of the united states unmanned boat cluster: a preliminary study on the new tactics of the united states navy USV naval warfare[J]. Tank armored vehicle, 2024, 1(8): 26-32.

[26]
许述文, 白晓惠, 郭子薰, 等. 海杂波背景下雷达目标特征检测方法的现状与展望[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(4): 684-714.

XU S W, BAI X H, GUO Z X, et al. Status and prospects of feature-based detectionmethods for floating targets on the sea surface[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9(4): 684-714.

[27]
贺治华, 段佳, 芦达. 雷达海面目标识别技术研究进展[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35 (20): 61-68.

DOI

HE Z H, DUAN J, LU D. Research progress of radar surface target recognition technology[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2017, 35 (20): 61-68.

[28]
关键. 雷达海上目标特性综述[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(4): 674-683.

GUAN J. Summary of marine radar target characteristics[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9(4): 674-683.

[29]
朱勇, 肖沁, 李正周, 等. 基于海面场景感知的红外小目标检测方法[J]. 光子学报, 2022, 51 (12): 1210002.

ZHU Y, XIAO Q, LI Z Z, et al. Infrared small target detection method based on maritime scene perception[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2022, 51(12): 1210002.

[30]
HU Y Y, WU X J, ZHENG G D, et al. Object detection of UAV for anti-UAV based on improved YOLOV3[C]// Proceedings of the 38th Chinese Control Conference. New York: IEEE, 2019: 8386-8390.

[31]
SURESH A T, SHAHANA R, VIJAYASRI R, et al. Flying object detection and classification using deep neural networks[J]. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2019, 6(2): 180-183.

[32]
张鹏, 徐丹. 基于光电侦察的“低慢小”目标检测综述[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2022, 17 (11): 1042-1048.

ZHANG P, XU D. A survey of lss-target detection based on photoelectric reconnaissance[J]. Journal of CAEIT, 2022, 17 (11): 1042-1048.

[33]
宋灿, 谢佑波, 朱智. 无人船在海战场电子对抗中的应用研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2020, 40(3): 11-14.

SONG C, XIE Y B, ZHU Z. Research on the application of unmanned ships in electronic countermeasures in naval battlefields[J]. Ship Electronics Engineering, 2020, 40(3): 11-14.

[34]
郑文强, 韩雪滨, 寇祝. 水面舰艇反潜手段防御无人艇攻击方法研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2024, 44(8): 86-88.

ZHENG W Q, HAN X B, KOU Z. Research on surface ships dealing with suicide attacks fromunmanned vehicles based on antisubmarine measures[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2024, 44(8): 86-88.

[35]
童继进, 王丕琨. 中大口径舰炮“同时弹着”打击海面快速小目标方法[J]. 海军工程大学学报, 2023, 35(2): 71-76.

TONG J J, WANG P K. Shooting method of “Time-on-target” of large and medium calibernaval gun to strike fast and small targets on sea[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2023, 35(2): 71-76.

[36]
黄睿. 电子对抗中干扰效果评估与干扰决策方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2024.

HUANG R. Research on interference effect evaluation and interference decision-making method in electronic countermeasures[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2024.

[37]
张效天. 武器装备作战效能评估研究现状分析[J]. 科技与创新, 2024, 6 (11): 157-159.

ZHANG X T. Analysis of research status of combat effectiveness evaluation of weapons and equipment[J]. Science and Technology Innovation, 2024, 6 (11): 157-159.

Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

[an error occurred while processing this directive]