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弹箭与制导学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 5: 817 - 826

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2025.05.026

学术文章

多喷管布局对火箭底部热环境影响研究

  • 熊宗健 , 1 ,
  • 赵雨辰 1 ,
  • 姜毅 , 1, * ,
  • 闫沛泽 1 ,
  • 刘汉宇 2
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  • 1 北京理工大学 宇航学院, 北京 100081
  • 2 北京宇航系统工程研究所, 北京 100076
姜毅(1965—),男,教授。E-mail:

熊宗健(2001—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2025-03-04

  网络出版日期: 2025-11-28

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Impact of Multi-Nozzle Configuration on the Base Thermal Environment of Rockets

  • XIONG Zongjian , 1 ,
  • ZHAO Yuchen 1 ,
  • JIANG Yi , 1, * ,
  • YAN Peize 1 ,
  • LIU Hanyu 2
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  • 1 School of Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China

Received date: 2025-03-04

  Online published: 2025-11-28

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摘要

火箭作为深空探测的核心运载工具,在其上升过程中,发动机喷出的高温燃气与周围空气相互作用,在火箭底部形成高温燃气流场,这种极端的热环境会导致运载火箭底部电子设备失效,严重威胁火箭飞行安全。针对“8+1”构型多喷管运载火箭不同喷管布局底部热环境问题,采用计算流体力学数值模拟的方法,基于有限体积法,使用DO辐射模型考虑H2O、CO2、CO等强辐射气体的辐射作用,采用Realizable k-☐湍流模型、多组分模型研究不同飞行高度下“8+1”喷管布局相对位置对运载火箭底部热环境的影响。研究结果表明喷管布局对运载火箭底部热环境影响较大。中心喷管后移在低空环境能改善底部热环境,在高空时会恶化底部热环境;外围喷管向内移动、向外移动和向外偏转在不同高度下均能改善火箭底部热流环境至多改善69.3%。

关键词： 运载火箭; 热环境; 燃气射流; 多喷管; 计算流体力学

本文引用格式

熊宗健 , 赵雨辰 , 姜毅 , 闫沛泽 , 刘汉宇 . 多喷管布局对火箭底部热环境影响研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2025 , 45(5) : 817 -826 . DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2025.05.026

Abstract

As the principal launch platform for deep space exploration, rockets generate high-temperature combustion gas flow fields at their base during ascent due to interactions between engine-exhaust plumes and ambient air. This extreme thermal environment can cause electronic equipment failure and seriously threaten flight safety. To investigate the base thermal environment of an "8+1" clustered-nozzle launch vehicle with different nozzle arrangements, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations were conducted using the finite volume method. The study employed the Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation model considering radiative effects from strong emitters (H2O, CO2, CO), along with the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and multi-component model to analyze how relative nozzle positions affect base thermal environments at different altitudes. Results demonstrate significant nozzle arrangement impacts: Rearward displacement of the central nozzle improves base thermal conditions at low altitudes but worsens them at high altitudes. Inward/outward shifting or outward deflection of peripheral nozzles consistently reduces base heat flux across altitudes, achieving maximum improvements of up to 69.3%.

Key words： launch vehicle; thermal environment; gas jet; multiple nozzles; computational fluid mechanics

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