光纤作为制导武器的信号传输介质,若发生断裂,导弹则失去控制无法飞行。由于实弹飞行成本高、周期长,为高效评价光纤的可靠性与抗拉强度等指标,光纤的地面模拟释放实验对检验光纤释放可靠性具有重要意义。针对制导光纤地面释放中的断线问题,根据光纤释放的运动特点,在旋转坐标系下推导出了光纤运动的动力学方程。基于光纤释放过程中绝大部分时间处于恒定速度释放这一特点,忽略时间变化项对动力学方程的影响,着重分析光纤“准稳态”情况下的光纤受力以及空间分布情况。通过数值方法求解了简化后的光纤姿态微分方程,利用高速摄影机拍摄了地面模拟释放实验中光纤的运动姿态,并与理论计算结果进行了对比。对比发现,光纤刚挣脱粘结剂进行运动时,理论计算结果与实际光纤运动姿态相差较大。光纤逐渐运动离开线包后,理论计算结果与光纤实际运动姿态逐渐相符。最后,考察了光纤初始方向向量、收线点处张力、释放点与收线点之间的距离以及光纤释放速度对光纤姿态、张力分布的影响。光纤高速释放中姿态与受力情况分析为光纤释放断裂事故分析以及提升光纤释放可靠性提供理论基础。

As the signal transmission medium of the guided weapon, if the optical fiber breaks, the missile will lose control and cannot fly. In order to evaluate the reliability and tensile strength of optical fiber efficiently, ground simulated release experiment of optical fiber is of great significance to test the reliability of optical fiber release because of the high cost and long period of live missile flight. In order to solve the problem of disconnection in ground release of guided optical fiber, the dynamic equation of optical fiber motion is derived in rotating coordinate system according to the motion characteristics of optical fiber release. Based on the fact that most of the release time of optical fiber is at a constant speed, the influence of time variation on the dynamic equation is ignored, and the stress and spatial distribution of optical fiber under the "quasi-steady state" condition are analyzed emphatically. The simplified differential equation of fiber attitude is solved by numerical method. The motion attitude of the optical fiber in experiment was captured by a high-speed camera and compared with the theoretical calculation results. It is found that when the optical fiber just breaks free of the package for movement, the theoretical calculation result is quite different from the actual optical fiber motion attitude. After the optical fiber gradually moves away from the package, the theoretical calculation results are gradually consistent with the actual motion attitude of the optical fiber. Finally, the effects of the initial direction vector, tension at the receiving point, the distance between the releasing point and the receiving point, and the releasing speed on the distribution of optical fiber attitude and tension were investigated. The motion attitude and force of the optical fiber are obtained by using the dynamics equation of optical fiber release, which provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of optical fiber release fracture accident and the improvement of optical fiber release reliability.