火星上升器(Mars ascent vehicle, MAV)发射作为火星表面起飞进入环火轨道的第一步, 是火星采样返回任务中的关键。MAV倾斜热发射过程力热冲击严重, 燃气流动结构复杂, 因此设计火星上升器倾斜热发射系统时, 必须充分考虑发射过程中复杂的力热效应。采用计算流体力学方法, 对火星表面MAV倾斜热发射过程的力热冲击效应进行数值模拟研究, 并与地球表面环境发射过程对比。研究表明, 火星表面MAV斜热发射过程上升器表面最高温度达到2 868 K;发射平台最高温度为2 908 K;MAV出筒过程中, 发射平台抬头力矩逐渐增大, 在火星低重力环境下, 发射装置容易倾覆。火星、地球表面环境倾斜热发射过程差异大, 相比于地球表面热发射过程, 火星表面MAV发射过程更加稳定, 但对平台和上升器力热冲击更加恶劣。

The launch of the Mars ascent vehicle(MAV) is the first step for ascent from the Martian surface to orbit around Mars, a critical step in the Mars sample return mission. In the MAV's inclined hot launch process, the force-thermal impacts are significant and gas flow structure is complex, so when designing its launch system, it is necessary to consider the complex force-thermal effect in launching process. This study employs computational fluid dynamics to conduct a numerical simulation of the force-thermal impacts of the MAV's inclined thermal launch on the Martian surface, with comparisons to similar launch conditions on earth. The findings reveal that during the inclined hot launch from Mars, the MAV's maximum surface temperature reaches 2 868 K, while the launch platform attains a peak temperature of 2 908 K. Furthermore, during ejection, the platform's pitch-up moment progressively increases, the launch apparatus may topple under Mars' low-gravity conditions. Notable differences are observed between inclined hot launch processes on Mars and Earth; the MAV launch on Mars exhibits greater stability yet endures more severe force-thermal impacts on both the platform and the MAV.