The Doppler signal of the projectile in-bore longitudinal movement was processed with the Hilbert transform and time-frequency analysis at present. Concerning the problem that the Hilbert transform has large amount of calculation and complexity in evaluating interior ballistic parameters, it is proposed to process interior ballistic Doppler signal based on time-frequency analysis, the test facility is made for interior ballistic simulation test, the result shows that time-frequency analysis is concise, fast and efficient, the accuracy of displacement is equal to the Hilbert result.