The narrow pulse laser fuse based the DPSSL has the advantages of short transmitted pulse high range resolution and low cloud backscatter. However, because the echo pulse width is very narrow, the data acquisition system must have a high sampling speed to extract accurate information from the echo. In the article, a high-speed 1-bit digital acquisition system based on phase shifting and frequency multiplying technology is designed on the Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. Verified by experiment, the equivalent sampling frequency can reach 1.8 GHz, which can meet the speed requirements of the narrow pulse laser fuse with 3 ns emitted pulse. The result is useful to improve fuse' s target identification capability.