To test anti-overload ability of missile key components under laboratory conditions, a test method based on a turntable and a centrifuge was proposed. According to the vector distribution principle of synthetic acceleration, the continuous dynamic acceleration environment was reproduced by the centrifuge. The real-time tracking and vector distribution of synthetic acceleration were achieved by the turntable based on the motion control mode of position-velocity-time. A two-dimensional dynamic acceleration was loaded synchronously, therefore, the acceleration overload environment for missiles was simulated. The results of simulation and experiment demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.