Based on optimization theory, equivalent scaling method of high-speed penetration projectile was carried out in this paper. Four designed variables were length, radius, initial velocity of projectile and thickness of target, which were determined according to dimensional analysis and Latin Hypercube sampling optimization methods. The designed variables on acceleration and duration of projectile response were obtained through high-precision numerical simulation, the designed variables and objective response were achieved and a rapid analysis model was established, the optimization was to find out approximation to the best response, and the minimum reduction ratio was regarded as constraints, and equivalent scaled optimization was solved by simulated annealing algorithm. Parameter inversion was carried out through the penetration model with optimization results, and the results showed that there was high consistency between the acceleration characteristics of the scaling model and that of the original model.