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Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance >

2026 , Vol. 46 >Issue 1: 19 - 27

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2026.01.003

Numerical Simulation of Underwater Formation and Damage Effects of a W-shaped Liner

  • LIU Xingyu ,
  • FENG Yuheng ,
  • LIANG Anqi ,
  • LI Xudong ,
  • YI Jianya ,
  • ZHANG Xuepeng , *
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  • College of Mechatronics Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,Shanxi,China

Received date: 2025-08-15

  Online published: 2026-03-09

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Abstract

To address the issue of small penetration aperture in traditional shaped charge warheads against underwater single-layer targets,a novel W-shaped shaped charge structure design method based on the inner cone angle α and outer cone angle β is proposed.The influence of liner structure on jet formation and damage effectiveness is studied.The ratio μ of the lengths of the inner and outer sides of the liner is defined a-s a characterization parameter affecting the underwater formation and damage performance of the W-shaped liner.The influence of the ratio μ on the formation and initiation points on the formation and penetration of annular jet are analyzed through numerical simulations.The results indicate that,the annular jet converges excessively toward the axis when μ is 0.22,forming an explosively formed projectile (EFP).When 0<μ<1,the outward expansion trend of the annular jet gradually intensifies,the head-to-tail velocity difference decreases,and the jet stability improves with the increase in μ.When μ>1,the slug at the jet tail is reduced,the jet head expands,the head-to-tail velocity difference increases,and the jet stability significantly decreases under the influence of the external water medium with the increase in μ.Additionally,the increase in the number of initiation points induces necking at the head of the annular jet,which has little impact on penetration and aperture formation under the condition of small standoff distance.The large-area damage of annular jet to the target plate can be achieved by optimizing the combination of the inner and outer cone angles of the liner to adjust the value of μ and the number of initiation points.

Key words： W-shaped liner; underwater explosion; formation mechanism; damage effect; numerical simulation

Cite this article

LIU Xingyu , FENG Yuheng , LIANG Anqi , LI Xudong , YI Jianya , ZHANG Xuepeng . Numerical Simulation of Underwater Formation and Damage Effects of a W-shaped Liner[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2026 , 46(1) : 19 -27 . DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2026.01.003

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