Two-dimensional Array Optimization under the Small-aperture Constraint for Guidance and Direction Finding

WEI Mingying; FU Zheng; WANG Yizhe; SHEN Qing

doi:10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2026.01.010

Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance >

2026 , Vol. 46 >Issue 1: 97 - 112

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2026.01.010

Two-dimensional Array Optimization under the Small-aperture Constraint for Guidance and Direction Finding

WEI Mingying ¹^,² ,
FU Zheng ¹^,³ ,
WANG Yizhe ³ ,
SHEN Qing ^,³^,^*

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¹ Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
² State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology, Beijing 100854, China
³ School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2026-01-06

Online published: 2026-03-09

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Abstract

The direction-finding performance of guidance and direction-finding system is limited with a small-aperture array and the array configuration optimization is a key step to improve system performance due to platform resource constraints such as weight,volume,and deployment space.In this paper,the Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) for wideband two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of both scalar arrays and polarization-sensitive arrays are derived,and a CRB-based performance evaluation and configuration optimization method for small-aperture arrays is proposed.Firstly,the development of wideband DOA estimation and the typical two-dimensional array structures are reviewed,and the wideband signal models based on subband decomposition are established for both scalar arrays and polarization-sensitive arrays.For scalar arrays,a closed-form expression for the CRB of wideband two-dimensional DOA estimation is provided.Subsequently,a general framework and closed-form expression for the CRB of wideband two-dimensional DOA estimation of polarization-sensitive arrays are derived,and a performance evaluation criterion for two-dimensional direction finding with such arrays is established.Finally,A two-dimensional array configuration optimization method based on the derived CRB is proposed by considering the constraints ofguidance system platform on the number of array elements and array aperture.The quantitative optimization of array layout can be achieved by constructing an array configuration optimization set and conducting theoretical performance evaluation.The research results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the array configuration design and performance evaluation of small-aperture guidance direction-finding systems.

Key words： two-dimensional wideband direction-of-arrival estimation; Cramér-Rao bound; scalar array; polarization-sensitive array; two-dimensional array configuration design

Cite this article

WEI Mingying , FU Zheng , WANG Yizhe , SHEN Qing . Two-dimensional Array Optimization under the Small-aperture Constraint for Guidance and Direction Finding[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2026 , 46(1) : 97 -112 . DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2026.01.010

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