A system for measuring and recording surface transient temperature signals during penetration was introduced. The device employs thin film thermocouple as temperature transducer to measure penetration projectile temperature, which is based on C8051F340 microcontroller for managing data acquisition and storage. According to the static test of lighter inner flame temperature, the consequence shows that sampling frequency of this system has been up to 300 kHz, measurement error is less than 1.5%, data storage rate is 800Kbps, and it could meet the demand of the following firing test.