In order to investigate the influence of liner structure parameters on the formation of jet penetration charge (JPC) as well as the penetration ability and post-effect action of the formed JPC on ceramic composite target plates, this study adopts orthogonal experimental optimization to design the structure parameters of an equal-wall-thickness conical liner. The LS-DYNA software is utilized to conduct research on how warhead structure parameters (cone angle, thickness, length-to-diameter ratio) affect the characteristic parameters of JPC damage elements. Through range analysis, the combination of structure parameters that results in better JPC formation performance is obtained. Based on the optimized structure, the damage situation of JPC damage elements on composite targets is studied. The results showed that when the liner cone angle is 90°, the wall thickness is 2.5 mm, and the charge length-to-diameter ratio is 0.9, the penetration effect is better. At this time, the funnel pit diameter increased by 8.93%, the funnel pit depth increased by 3.7%, the average diameter of the hole increased by 8.29%, and the total penetration thickness increased by 9.88% after removing the target plate spacing. This research can provide a theoretical and technical basis for the design of rod-shaped jet liner structure parameters and for studying the penetration ability on ceramic composite target plates.

With the progressive complication of modern war scenarios, traditional loitering munition which is only suitable for a unitary combat environment is failed to meet the needs of the actual warfare. The trans-medium loitering munition swarm can lead to revolutionary changes of modern military field due to its excellent multi- scenario adaptability. A comprehensive analysis is given from three aspects: the basic design of loitering munition, the unique performance of trans-medium aircraft, and the intelligent management of swarm technology. The core theory and technology of trans-medium loitering munition swarm are studied. Based on the new characteristics of equipment, command, and personnel in modern wars, the future development trend of trans-medium loitering munition swarm is prospected.

Dynamic explosion point localization constitutes a pivotal element in damage assessment. The explosive sound wave, originating from the attenuation of a shock wave, is characterized by supersonic velocity and a defined sphere of influence. Accordingly, the accuracy of explosion point acoustic localization is susceptible to the influence of the explosive shock wave. To explore the impact of the explosive shock wave segment on the acoustic localization outcomes during the explosion point localization process, a wave arrival time-distance model for the attenuation of the shock wave into a sound wave was constructed, predicated on the pressure attenuation law of the explosive shock wave. This model was subsequently integrated into the localization methodology based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA). Utilizing a prototypical arrangement as a case study, the preset explosion point and the acoustic sensor array's position were delineated, and the corresponding wave arrival times were computed. The TDOA-based localization approach was employed to retrodict the position of the explosion point relative to the acoustic sensor array, and the acoustic localization error of the explosion point was ascertained by juxtaposing the retrodicted position with the preset position. Furthermore, by modulating the preset explosion point position and the charge mass, the influence of the explosive shock wave on the acoustic localization error was scrutinized. The research findings suggest that the charge mass and the distance from the explosion center are the predominant factors influencing the localization error. As the scaled distance escalates, the localization error induced by the shock wave exhibits a diminishing trend. When the scaled distance surpasses 18.45, the relative distance error can be mitigated to below 1%. It is anticipated that these findings will serve as a reference for the systematic error correction of explosion point acoustic localization, thereby enhancing the computational precision of explosion point acoustic localization.

Rapid development of UAV swarming technology will provide new operational mode for the future battlefield, this paper mainly introduces the status of the UAV swarming operation systems under development in the military powers such as the United States, Russia, Israel and Britain, including the Gremlins, Coyote and Lightning UAV swarm programs, and also introduces the loyal wingman programs such as Skyborg,Mosquito and S-70. In addition, the introduction of the Golden Horde ammunition swarm program based on UAV swarming technology is presented. On this basis, the future development trend of UAV swarming operation system is summarized and analyzed in the aspects of modular design, low-cost development, multi-platform application and cutting-edge technology exploration.

In order to investigate the blast resistance of a 316L stainless steel honeycomb sandwich structure, a honeycomb sandwich structure was designed and fabricated using 316L stainless steel powder by selective laser melting (SLM). Concurrently, solid panels of equivalent surface density were produced by this method and constituted the control group. The mechanical behavior of the structure under near-field static explosion load is obtained through static explosion experiments and LS-DYNA simulation experiments, and the propagation mode of the stress wave within it is investigated in order to elucidate the underlying anti-explosion principle. Moreover, optistruct is utilized to optimize the topology and structure of the structure, with the objective of enhancing its blast resistance. The findings indicate that the backplate deflection of the porous sandwich structure is diminished by 13.2% in comparison to that of the plate with isoplanar density, thereby enhancing blast resistance. The established numerical model of fluid-solid coupling is capable of describing the three phases of the static explosion experiment, namely the shock wave propagation phase, the fluid-solid coupling phase, and the inertia phase. The explosion experiment yielded definitive results at the center of the target plate, thereby demonstrating that the "川" crack is caused by residual core layer extrusion. Moreover, the core layer deformation failure mechanism for the honeycomb panel was observed to manifest as in-plane stretching and tearing. The optistruct optimization results demonstrate the formation of a triangular skeleton and circular holes, alternating with corrugated plates. The structure, optimized for a corrugated core target plate, displays enhanced resilience in comparison to the optimization of a traditional honeycomb sandwich panel. The explosion load backboard deflection exhibited a 25.4% reduction, the peak pressure behind the plate demonstrated a 17.6% reduction, and the blast resistance was significantly enhanced. In comparison to honeycomb panels, the circular hole structure has been demonstrated to reduce the backplane deflection by 38.1%, while the triangular hole structure has been shown to reduce the peak pressure behind the plate by 22.4%.

In order to improve the survivability of underground protection engineering, it is necessary to accurately consider the damage to the structure caused by the continuous action of penetration and explosion. Through the SPH-FEM coupled numerical simulation method, the simulation of the entire process of penetration and explosion of underground structures is realized, which solves the simulation problem of high intensity and large deformation in the vicinity of the invasion and explosion by the traditional finite element method. According to the empirical formula, the validity of the model is verified. The results show that the penetration projectile has a sealing effect on the rock mass, which enhances the damage effect. SPH algorithm compensates for the penetration hole unloading defect of the erosion algorithm for the penetration explosion process, and more accurately simulates the joint effect of penetration explosion; pouring separately from the straight wall can reduce structural damage; In addition to arch feet, the vault and spandrel are the weak parts of the straight wall arch structure under the action of penetration explosion. The research results can provide a basis for the design of underground protective structures.

Loitering munitions integrate multiple functions such as reconnaissance, attack, and assessment. They have low usage costs, flexible combat deployment, and are difficult to detect and intercept. They have significantly enhanced the strike accuracy and ability against targets and have become important weapons in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, attracting great attention from major military powers. This paper summarizes the characteristics of loitering munitions, introduces the development status of major loitering munitions at home and abroad, including the “Switchblade” series and “BattleHawk” series of the United States, the “KUB” series and “Lancet” series of Russia, and the “Hero” series and “Harpy” series of Israel, which have practical applications. It comparatively analyzes the performance parameters of relevant loitering munitions, combs the key technologies in the development of loitering munitions, including power technology, anti-interference technology, modular technology, and intelligent cooperative combat technology, summarizes the development trends of loitering munitions, and on this basis, analyzes the combat applications of loitering munitions and the defense means against them.

According to the current development trend of air-to-air missile, the tactical characteristics of the fifth generation air-to-air missile based on ramjet are analyzed, and the air-to-air missile mission (air-to-air combat and ground attack) is given. With reference to “meteor” air-to-air missile, considering the basic characteristics of small size, long-range and high-speed of future embedded long-range air-to-air missile, the calculation model of ramjet is established with two-dimensional three wave system inlet, side intake cavity combustor and axisymmetric Laval nozzle. The three-dimensional three wave ramjet (small size, diameter 167 mm) at high Mach number (3.0~5.0) is completed. The feasibility of the ramjet as an embedded long-range high-speed air-to-air missile in the future is preliminarily verified by dimensional numerical calculation and analysis.

In this paper, a trajectory optimization method of hypersonic glide missile is put forward by using penalty function method to hand non full course flying height and angle of attack constraints, which is based on Gauss Pseudo-spectral Method and takes into account multi phases, multi complex constraints and penetration mission-oriented requirements and so on. Its simulation results show that all constraint indexes are effectively controlled, and the penalty function method has more advantages in handling mission segmented constraints compared to conventional segmented constraint methods, which verified the effective coverage ability of the method under different ranges, launch heights and target heights.

Because of low cost and flexible operation mode, more and more loitering munitions have been used in local conflicts worldwide in recent years, which has attracted wide attention. This paper introduces the development status of main foreign loitering munitions in the world, involving products of the United States, Israel and other military powers which include the Switchblade series, Coyote series, KUB-BLA series, Lancet series, Harop and Hero series of loitering munitions. Based on the introduction, the paper provides analysis of the development status of foreign loitering munitions, and puts forward the future development trend in the aspects of low cost, serialization, multi-platform delivery, stealth development and swarming operation.

Aiming at the problems of uncontrollable drop point and insufficient strike accuracy of the traditional terminal sensitive projectile, this paper proposes a parafoil based terminal sensitive projectile drop point control technology, which adopts parafoil instead of traditional parachute to achieve accurate control of its drop point. Based on the proposed parafoil-missile system, this paper designs an accurate parafoil-missile yaw angle controller based on active disturbance rejection control technology, which can offset the interference caused by the external wind field and compensate for the initial position error of the non-sensitive missile, so as to achieve accurate autonomous control of the system. Based on the above research content, the parafoil- missile system is built in this paper, and the actual airdrop experiment is carried out. In the experiment of airdrop, the error of the final landing point of the parachute-projectile system is less than 30 meters, and the minimum error of the air level is less than 4 meters, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and provides a new idea for the design of smart ammunition in China.

Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in the military field, which significantly improves combat efficiency and promotes the development of military technology. The US military is in a leading position in the research and application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field, which was discussed in detail. The application of artificial intelligence technology in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, logistics support, cyber operations, command and control, semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicles and autonomous weapons and other fields are deeply analyzed, and the future development trend of artificial intelligence technology in the military field is predicted. Finally, it points out the guiding and referential role for the domestic military field to carry out artificial intelligence technology research.

The traditional damage assessment methods can not assess the overall functional damage of light armored vehicles. Based on the requirement of “Serious Damage to Light Armored Vehicles”, through the evaluation and analysis of the dynamic damage probability of blast-fragmentation warheads from the aspects of structural damage, fragmentation damage, biological damage, impact and overpressure, the comprehensive damage assessment system of light armored vehicles are constructed. The criterion can comprehensively judge the damage grade of light armored vehicles from a single damage mode. According to the protection characteristics of light armored vehicles, the infantry vehicle is selected as a typical target to carry out target vulnerability analysis.And the equivalent target is designed and fired with projectile which carrying blast-fragmentation warheads. The damage conditions of its structure, biology, fragmentation, overpressure and overload are tested, which verifies that the comprehensive damage assessment criteria can accurately evaluate the damage grade of light armored vehicles. It has certain guiding significance to the damage assessment and analysis of light armored vehicles.

The active sidestick is a crucial control device that can adjust the flight attitude of an aircraft. In the automatic flight mode, the active sidestick follow-up function tracks the control commands from the flight controller in real-time to enhance the pilot's perception of the aircraft's flight status, thereby effectively improving flight safety. However, unknown disturbance torques in the system can degrade the tracking accuracy of the active sidestick. To address this challenge, a control method based on composite nonlinear feedback and adaptive integral sliding mode is proposed for the follow-up control of the active sidestick. This method integrates an integral sliding mode control algorithm and the composite nonlinear feedback control algorithm, where the composite nonlinear feedback control effectively improves the steady-state performance of the active sidestick system, and the adaptive integral sliding mode control effectively restrains unknown system disturbances. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed improved active sidestick follow-up control algorithm can reduce the adjustment time by approximately 41% and the steady-state error by about 93.6% compared to the previous composite nonlinear feedback control algorithm. Furthermore, under disturbance conditions, the improved follow-up control algorithm can reduce the adjustment time by about 79% compared to the traditional PID algorithm. This demonstrates that the designed improved active sidestick follow-up control algorithm can significantly enhance the system's control accuracy and response performance, and possess excellent disturbance rejection capabilities.

In order to improve the penetration ability of multiple explosive formed projectile (MEFP) to armored targets, based on the design of end face MEFP, a combined end face ring double layer MEFP charging structure was constructed, which could form one main EFP and 24 auxiliary EFP in the circumferential direction, and could achieve multi-point damage to armored targets. ANSYS/LS-DYNA software was used to study the influence of the structural parameters of the cartridge cover on the molding effect and penetration performance of the MEFP warhead. The results show that when the wall thickness of the auxiliary cover increases, the projectile velocity of the auxiliary cover gradually decreases, the projectile dispersion angle of the middle auxiliary cover gradually decreases, and the projectile dispersion angle of the outer auxiliary cover gradually increases. When the radius of curvature of the auxiliary hood increases, the projectile velocity of the auxiliary hood gradually decreases, the angle of departure of the intermediate auxiliary hood gradually increases, and the angle of departure of the outer auxiliary hood gradually decreases. When the span of the auxiliary hood increases, the projectile velocity of the auxiliary hood gradually increases, the angle of dispersion of the intermediate auxiliary hood projectile decreases, and the angle of dispersion of the peripheral auxiliary hood projectile increases. The MEFP can penetrate 15 mm thick 45# steel target, thus effectively increasing the number of damage elements and damage area. The annular double layer MEFP structure of the end face combined charge structure has important reference significance for the warhead design of the terminal sensitive bomb.

The dynamic behavior of hemispherical resonator comprises the physical basis of hemispherical resonator gyros (HRG). This paper concerns the common problems that exists in the domestic researches of dynamic modeling of HRG to date, such as the lack of specific sources of reference, plenty of ambiguous deductions (some are even incorrect), hence the derivation process of dynamic modeling of resonator is carefully presented in detail. The paper summarizes the general background knowledge of relevant disciplines, and teases out two main types of modeling thoughts, in the sake of providing a theoretical support for the subsequent researches and engineering applications. Firstly, the elastic shell theory used as a general basis in dynamic modeling of hemispherical resonator is introduced, including the elastic geometric equations that describe the relationship between strain and displacement and the Hooke’s law that relates strain to stress; then the modeling method based on the d’Alembert principle commonly used in early theoretical researches is presented, and the second-order motion equations of resonator is obtained by establishing equilibrium equations and load analysis; finally, the modeling method based on Lagrangian mechanics which is inspired from aboard research is introduced, and the second-order motion equations are derived by calculating the kinetic and strain energy of the overall resonator with substitution of the Lagrangian equations. The latter method is increasingly popular by domestic researchers in recent years.

The quality of explosive charge is a key factor affecting the performance of artillery weapons, and the explosive charge is often a mixture of powders. To improve the quality of cylinders made by a mixture of metal and non-metal powders, the mechanical behavior of the cylinders was described using continuum plasticity theory, the Shima-Oyane model and the Ogden model were employed as the material constitutive models for the cylinders and the rubber sleeve, respectively. And a simulation model for the isostatic pressing of cylinders was developed utilizing the nonlinear finite element software MSC.Marc. Based on the simulation model, the forming mechanism of cylinders was explored, and a comparative study was conducted on the influence of isostatic pressing process parameters on the forming quality of the cylinders. The results indicated that the simulation model could effectively reflect the forming characteristics of the cylinders. The maximum pressure and it’s holding time of isostatic pressing were the key factors that influenced the quality of the cylinders. When the pressure was set at 240 MPa and the holding time exceeded 400 s, the overall relative density of the cylinders reached above 97%, with the density distribution difference was below 0.5%. The results of the isostatic pressing experiment verified the accuracy of the simulation analysis results. The cylinders with approximate length-to-diameter ratios of 5∶1 achieved a higher process standard and satisfied the process requirements.

In order to improve the detection ability of infrared small targets in complex backgrounds, a small infrared target detection algorithm based on joint gradient discrimination and adaptive matching was proposed. The suspected target area is screened out for the first time in the image through multi-directional gradient features, and the adaptive model is generated by using the grayscale information in the region for re-judgment. Quantitative evaluation was established for gradient judgment and adaptive model matching, and confidence functions were introduced to evaluate different suspected target areas and screen out suspected targets. In order to enable the algorithm to be applied in dynamic platforms such as UAVs, an embedded system was built to realize the detection of small targets in real scenes by the detection system through infrared camera framing. By testing different public datasets and comparing with WSLCM (weighted strengthened local contrast measure) and TLLCM (tri-layer local contrast measure) algorithms in different complex scenarios, the proposed algorithm has good adaptability, and the recognition rate under different samples is more than 92%. The algorithm is processed by hardware acceleration through the customization of the IP core of the embedded platform and the co-design of software and hardware, and the real-time video frame rate is greater than 30 frame/s, which verifies its effectiveness.

In modern warfare, the damage efficacy of high-speed penetration weapons against high-strength targets such as underground bunkers and reinforced structures has become a focal point of research. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the dynamic behavior of projectile materials, constitutive models, and structural responses under high-speed penetration. It analyzes the mechanisms of strain hardening, thermal softening, and adiabatic shear deformation under the coupled effects of high temperature and high strain rate, and compares the applicability of typical constitutive models such as the Johnson-Cook model. Key factors influencing mass erosion, critical instability velocity, and structural failure during high-speed penetration are emphasized, along with their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, technical approaches to enhance penetration capabilities through material optimization and structural design are explored, providing valuable references for researchers in related fields.

For loitering munition patrol flight trajectory path planning algorithm design and combat mission scenarios, combined with a space based on 2D and 3D digital terrain model, based on the nature of ants foraging path planning algorithm of the shortest path theory, implement cruise missile threat to the established operational area designated objectives cruise flight path planning of obstacle avoidance. The correctness and effectiveness of the ant colony algorithm are verified by the flight simulation and analysis of the patrolling missile in the established environment.

Aiming at the problem that the assembled fuze in active duty can not meet the test requirements during the underwater explosion damage test of a depth bomb, an safe fuze for detonation experiment is designed based on the original assembled fuze. The structure is composed of sealing arming device, limit water pressure arming device and auxiliary arming device etc. By using the nonlinear finite element software AUTODYN for numerical simulation analysis and underwater arming test verification, the process of the electric detonator exploding through the water inlet of the sealing structure in the sealing arming device is used to simulate and test, the results of experiment and numerical simulation are basically consistent. The fuze has been verified by drop, transportation and underwater explosion tests, it shows that the improved fuze can meet the requirements of fuze safety for handing of fuze, it can better solve the problems of safe operation and reliable operation in the underwater explosion test of deep-water mine bomb, and it has certain engineering application value and can be applied to other similar underwater explosion tests.

Micro Optic Gyroscope is a new type of miniature and integrated angular velocity sensor based on waveguide rings and Sagnac effect. Because of their potential advantages in comprehensive performance, MOGs will be widely used in smart ammunition,unmanned air and underwater vehicles and other small platforms. This paper briefly describes the basic principles of three types MOGs. The progress made by domestic and foreign research institutions in technical schemes of three type MOGs, the schemes of key components such as various optical waveguides and integrated optical devices and their manufacturing technology are introduced in detail. The development prospect of MOG is prospected.

This paper proposes a new kind of anti-interception communication system based on Multi-layer weighted-type fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO). ML-WFRFT improves anti-interception performance of the signal and MIMO improves spectrum utilization. The recognition method based on higher-order cumulants (HOC) is improved, and the anti-interception performance of the communication system is quantitatively analyzed through the recognition probability. As the modulation order increases, the anti-intercept performance is continuously enhanced. When the two modulation orders are 0.7 and 0.8, respectively, the signal-to-noise ratio is in the range of [0,2], the correct recognition probability of QPSK signal is less than 0.06.

　　航天发射技术是研究运载火箭、各类飞行器等的发射原理、发射方式和发射设施设计、制造、试验和使用的工程科学技术，是航天技术的一个分支和重要组成部分，是一门综合性、系统性极强的学科方向。航天发射技术的发展水平决定了一个国家航天活动和国防保障区域的范围，反映了一个国家工程科学和基础工业的综合水平。
　　近年来，为适应航天运载工具的快速发展，全球航天发射技术正朝着规模化、复杂化、自动化与国际化的方向迈进。我国航天发射技术也获得了长足的进步，取得了丰硕的成果，如海南发射场的建成有力保障了我国未来各类航天任务的开展；以“长征-11”运载火箭为代表的机动航天发射技术的出现为我国应急航天发射任务提供了多元化发射手段。这些进展不仅彰显了我国航天技术的创新实力，也为未来深空探测、商业发射和国防需求奠定了坚实基础。
　　当前，各航天大国均把发展先进的发射和运载技术作为保持其在航天领域领先地位的战略部署之一。无论是空间应用、科学探测、载人航天、国际商业发射与国际合作，还是国防建设，都对发射技术提出了新的要求，亟待发展规模更大、成本更低、兼容性更强、可靠性更高、发射周期更短、更加智能的大型航天发射场；随着航天发射任务的大幅增加和各类应急发射需求的大量涌现，提出了发展快速机动的低成本航天发射方式；面向低碳、绿色、高效、低成本发射的需求，提出了地面超高速发射一级直接入轨等新型发射概念；此外，深空探测任务的推进，使得地外天体发射技术成为前沿研究热点。
　　在此背景下，《弹箭与制导学报》编辑部联合北京理工大学姜毅教授团队，策划推出本期“火箭导弹发射技术”专刊，旨在汇聚领域内最新研究成果，推动学术交流与技术突破。本期专刊特邀姜毅教授(北京理工大学)、姚建勇教授(南京理工大学)担任编审，共收录18篇高质量论文，内容涵盖发射技术理论创新、工程实践及未来发展趋势，以期为国家航天事业发展提供有益参考。
　　我们谨向所有参与本专刊撰写的专家学者致以诚挚谢意，也期待本期专刊能为航天发射技术的进步注入新动力，助力我国迈向航天强国的宏伟目标。

Orienting toward the demand for long-endurance and high-precision autonomous navigation technology, it is of extremely significant practical importance to systematically tease out and review the development history and current status of key technologies of optical gyro rotating modulation inertial navigation systems (INS). Firstly, in light of the error characteristics of inertial navigation systems, the fundamental principle of rotating modulation technology is elaborated. This principle plays a crucial role in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of navigation. Secondly, a comprehensive review and analysis of the development history of rotating inertial navigation systems in Western countries such as Europe and the United States is conducted. The technical logic behind the evolution of these systems is examined, providing valuable insights for future development. Additionally, the current status of the development of rotating inertial navigation systems in China is summarized. Finally, with the aim of improving the autonomous navigation accuracy of the system, the key technologies and research status of rotating inertial navigation systems that need to be addressed are analyzed from three aspects: rotation strategy optimization, error calibration, and initial alignment. This in-depth analysis helps identify the challenges and opportunities in this field. Based on the summary of the optical gyro rotating modulation inertial navigation system and the development of key technologies, several thoughts are put forward for the subsequent research on rotating inertial navigation systems, which can serve as a valuable reference for the research on high-precision autonomous navigation technology.

For the segmented combustion instability phenomenon of slender solid rocket motors in the ground test, it can obtained the distribution range of pressure oscillation frequency in the combustion chamber by mean of acoustic cavity frequency analysis, analyzing the main factors of two-stage combustion instability from a perspective of acoustic-vortex coupling and propellant combustion response. Then through comparison experiment, comparing the combustion instability of the motor with the same grain configuration and different propellant formulations and combiningewith the acoustic cavity mode of the combustion chamber at the initial, middle and end time and the flow field vortex structure computation of the combustion chamber and the pressure coupled response function test results of the T-burner, the conclusion is that the combustion instability phenomenon at the initial stage of the motor operation is due to the fact that the vortex shedding frequency caused by the grain configuration is close to the frequency of the acoustic field of the chamber to generate coupling gain and induce the pressure oscillation. At the end of the operation of the motor, the combustion instability frequency is different from the initial frequency range, and there are frequency multiplication characteristics, the instability is caused by the combustion response of the propellant. The analysis unfolds from the two-stage combustion instability in the ground test andprovids a reference to optimize solid rocket design and effective avoidance of such problems in engineering design.

This article proposes a heading calculation and integrated navigation algorithm based on continuous matching, which realizes the use of small field of view guided cameras to calculate the heading and provides a low-cost heading measurement and integrated navigation solution for unmanned aerial vehicles. The algorithm first calculates the attitude increment based on the essential matrix obtained from continuous matching, and further calculates the heading angle of the current frame through the first frame attitude matrix and joint calibration matrix. Based on this, a fusion algorithm for MEMS navigation solution and visual continuous matching is designed based on inertial navigation attitude filtering. To verify the accuracy and computational efficiency of the algorithm proposed in this paper, an inertial/visual combination device and a captive flight experimental system are constructed. The flight experiment results show that for cameras with a pixel count of 1 920×1 080, the matching success rate reaches 99.6% during flight at an altitude of 80~200 m. The heading calculation accuracy is better than 0.21° and the update frequency is better than 20 Hz during half hour navigation. Compared with traditional methods, it has a higher matching success rate, heading calculation accuracy, and lower time consumption.

To investigate the damage effectiveness of low, slow and small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) under fragmentation strikes, an evaluation model is established to comprehensively assess the damage effectiveness of fragments against UAVs. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the damage probability of a single fragment impacting various UAV compartments under different initial velocities, diameters, and material conditions, followed by extensive shooting simulations using the Monte Carlo method, with thousands of iterations to ensure statistical robustness. The results indicate that the initial velocity, diameter, and material of the fragment significantly influence the damage probability. An increase in initial velocity and diameter notably enhances the damage probability; however, the effectiveness tends to saturate within the velocity range of 900~1 500 m/s and diameter range of 4~8 mm, showing diminishing returns beyond these thresholds. The use of multiple fragments significantly increases the damage probability, suggesting that an increase in the number of fragments leads to a substantial improvement in damage effectiveness, making the quantity of fragments a crucial factor in determining the overall damage outcomes. Based on these findings, selecting fragment diameters between 2 mm and 4 mm, initial velocities between 600 m/s and 900 m/s, and appropriate materials can optimize the design of fragmentation warheads, thereby significantly enhancing their damage effectiveness against UAVs. This study provides a scientific basis for the precise evaluation of UAV damage effectiveness, offering valuable insights for the development of more effective countermeasures and supporting informed decision-making in combat scenarios to ensure enhanced operational effectiveness and strategic advantages.

The launch of the Mars ascent vehicle(MAV) is the first step for ascent from the Martian surface to orbit around Mars, a critical step in the Mars sample return mission. In the MAV's inclined hot launch process, the force-thermal impacts are significant and gas flow structure is complex, so when designing its launch system, it is necessary to consider the complex force-thermal effect in launching process. This study employs computational fluid dynamics to conduct a numerical simulation of the force-thermal impacts of the MAV's inclined thermal launch on the Martian surface, with comparisons to similar launch conditions on earth. The findings reveal that during the inclined hot launch from Mars, the MAV's maximum surface temperature reaches 2 868 K, while the launch platform attains a peak temperature of 2 908 K. Furthermore, during ejection, the platform's pitch-up moment progressively increases, the launch apparatus may topple under Mars' low-gravity conditions. Notable differences are observed between inclined hot launch processes on Mars and Earth; the MAV launch on Mars exhibits greater stability yet endures more severe force-thermal impacts on both the platform and the MAV.

In order to explore the influence of liquid-column equilibrium on the firing stability of single-barrel weapons, the dynamic characteristics of the liquid-column equilibrium weapon are studied. By analyzing the launching process of a single-barrel weapon using the liquid equilibrium launch technology, the force model of the launching process of a single-barrel weapon is established. The simulation model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the nozzle is established by using fluent fluid simulation software, and the influence characteristics of liquid working medium on the thrust of the nozzle are mainly analyzed; and the variation law of rifling lateral force of individual barrel weapon under the influence of liquid column balance body is analyzed.The results show that the liquid-column balance has great influence on the firing stability of the single-barrel weapon, and further optimization design is needed.

Target detection in remote sensing image (RSI) is an important and challenging research. Aiming at the problems of relatively small targets, uneven non-target, complex background and diverse deformation in RSI, a dilated spatial pyramid pooling U-Net (DSPPU) model is constructed for multi-target detection in RSI. In DPPU, dilated multi-scale convolution is used to extract the classification features of multi-scale targets, and dilated spatial pooling pyramid (DSPP) module is used to enlarge the convolutional receptive field to extract more adequate target features. Moreover, attention mechanism, residual connection and skip connection are used to fully retain the sensitive features of the RSI extracted by the convolutional layer. Experimental results on EORSSD, a public remote sensing image database show that the proposed method can detect multi-scale objects from complex and diverse RSI with a detection accuracy of 96.56%.

In order to study the penetration power of ogive-nose projectile under the condition of wide velocity range, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software is used to simulate the penetration of the ogive-nose projectile into concrete target plate without considering the impact response characteristics of its range. The effects of projectile material, caliber radius head, length-diameter ratio and mass on the penetration performance are studied under the impact velocity of 2.0Ma~6.0Ma. The results show that with the increase of the target velocity, the dimensionless penetration depth of the projectile increases first and then decreases. At the same time, compared with 93 tungsten alloy and TA7 titanium alloy, the penetration performance of G50 alloy steel is better. The caliber radius head has a significant effect on the dimensionless penetration depth during low-speed penetration, and the degree of influence is reduced during ultra-high-speed penetrating. The optimal caliber radius head ratio of the projectile is 3~4. The length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the penetration depth at low speed penetration and negatively correlated with the penetration depth at ultra-high speed penetrating. The dimensionless penetration depth decreases with the increase of the length-diameter ratio, and the optimal length-diameter ratio of the projectile is 4~5. The mass has a significant effect on the depth of penetration, and has little effect on the dimensionless depth of penetration and the critical transformation rate. The critical transformation rate appears at 3.5Ma~4Ma.

The dependence of modern warfare on missiles continues to increase, and scientific analysis of the influencing factors of missile misses is of great significance for improving the accuracy of missile hits. With the continuous development of new technologies such as cloud computing, edge computing, Internet of Things and big data mining, especially the implementation of digital twin technology in various industries. This article attempts to use digital twin technology to study the key factors affecting missile misses. First, build a digital twin model of the missile based on the concept of cloud-side collaborative computing. Realize the data collection of the missile physical entity, edge-side data over-limit judgment, and cloud miss-target diagnosis and analysis on the three levels of “cloud-side-end”, thereby completing the mapping and data interaction between the missile physical entity and the cloud digital twin model. At the same time, the degree, tightness and betweenness of nodes in the undirected graph can be used to quantitatively calculate the influence of each over-limit parameter on the missile’s missed target, so as to obtain key parameters and parameter combinations. Finally, taking the XX anti-tank missile as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.

Accurately and quickly detecting military targets in complex scenarios has important military value in perceiving battlefield situations, conducting reconnaissance and early warning analysis, and providing precise missile guidance. A multi-scale object detection algorithm AEM-YOLOV5 (AFPN-EMA-MPDIoU-YOLOV5) based on improvements to YOLOV5s is proposed to address the issues of poor feature learning ability, low detection accuracy, and high computational complexity in existing algorithms. Firstly, the AFPN asymptotic feature pyramid network is introduced into the neck network to gradually fuse the detailed information at the bottom of the image and the high-level semantic features at the top, enhancing the network feature fusion effect. Secondly, an EMA attention mechanism module is added before each detection branch to aggregate pixel level features across spaces, improving the level of attention to multi-scale targets in complex scenes. Finally, MPDIoU is used to replace the original C_IoU bounding box loss function in YOLOV5, solving the problem of C_IoU degradation when the predicted box aspect ratio is the same but the absolute value is different, making the regression results more accurate. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm performs well on the RSOD dataset, P_mAP50 reaches 94.5%, FPS reaches 42 frame/s, and model size is 14.8 MB. Compared with existing algorithms, the improved algorithm significantly improves its performance, meets the real-time requirements of military target detection, and the model is lightweight.

Hinge moment balance as a force measuring element is widely used in the wind tunnel test of hinge moment.The size of the hinge moment balance is limited by the installation environment and is generally small and mostly sheet-like structure. When the connecting end of the sheet-like structure is connected to the model body or the rudder surface, contact deformation and contact stress will occur at the connecting surface. This contact stress will affect the balance. The measurement has an impact.In order to study the influence of the structural parameters of the hinge moment balance on the output of the balance, the finite element calculation method combined with orthogonal experimental design was used to analyze the influence trend of the change of the fixed end of the hinge moment balance on the output of the balance under normal force loading. The research results show that the thickness of the fixed end of the chip hinge moment balance, the contact area and the position of the connecting screw involved in the orthogonal experiment have significant effects on the output of the hinge moment balance. Among them, the contact area of the fixed end of the hinge moment balance has the greatest influence, followed by the position of the connecting screw, and the thickness of the fixed end of the hinge moment balance has the least influence.

The combination of semi-active laser detection guidance and infrared imaging guidance can obtain active and passive detection modes, improving the seeker’s all-weather detection ability, anti-interference ability and target capture tracking ability. The performance of the optical system in the laser infrared composite guidance seekers directly determines the detection range, target recognition and hit accuracy of the guided weapon system. The composite seeker adopts a separate aperture optical system, and each channel adopts a separate optical structure and detector, which is easier to achieve, but it will bring problems such as spatial registration, and the system volume and mass are large. In this paper, a common aperture optical structure is adopted, and the transmittance of laser (1.064 μm) and infrared (8~12 μm) spectral bands is considered, and the composite optical design is achieved by using a focal length matching method to share a fairing and a high transmittance lens. The laser signal is focused through the fairing and the first lens, which is then reflected to the side of the lens barrel by a planar mirror located in the center of the aperture, which is received by a four-quadrant detector. The infrared light signal passes through the periphery of the aperture and is imaged onto an uncooled focal plane detector by three lenses containing diffractive lenses. The whole optical system through -45~60 ℃ no heating design, the overall structure of the optical system is simple and compact, small size, the total length is less than 86 mm, the caliber is less than 62 mm. The optical system design can be applied to laser infrared composite guided rockets, missiles and other weapon platforms, providing technical reserves for high-tech warfare with high efficiency and cost.

With the continuous progress of computer hardware and software technology, the task functions integrated in the airborne computing platform are increasing day by day, resulting in the scale and complexity of the internal computing needs of the platform. In the face of the rapid growth of intelligent applications, the traditional single processor architecture is no longer enough to cope with a variety of complex tasks. Therefore, based on the OpenVPX standard, this study defines and designs a 3U heterogeneous fusion processing module that conforms to the hardware open architecture to meet the needs of a variety of complex tasks. This research also proposes a heterogeneous computing resource pooling technology, which aims to achieve rapid deployment and efficient operation of multi-type task applications, while reducing communication latency, and significantly improving the processing power and applicability of computing platforms. Experimental verification shows that, compared with multi-CPU architecture, the processing time of the heterogeneous fusion processing module designed in this paper is about 4.8 times shorter when executing specific neural network algorithms, which proves that its performance is significantly improved. The results of this study not only demonstrate the significant performance advantages of heterogeneous fusion processing modules in airborne intelligent computing applications, but also provide innovative solutions and technical support for the future development of aviation computing platforms.

To improve the area search efficiency of UAV swarms in unknown environments, a multi-UAV cooperative area search strategy is proposed. Firstly, according to the demand of area search task, an area information map containing three attributes of area coverage, area uncertainty and target existence probability is established; secondly, with the goal of maximizing search efficiency and minimizing energy consumption during UAV search, a rolling time-domain optimization objective function for UAV area search is established to guide UAVs to make online decisions on search routes; then, for the traditional swarm intelligence optimization algorithm that tends to Then, to address the shortcomings of the traditional swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, which is prone to fall into the local optimum, we design a hybrid differential evolutionary particle swarm algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimization problem online, improve the optimization performance of the algorithm, and thus improve the search efficiency of the UAV. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified through numerical simulation experiments, and the simulation results show that the multi-UAV cooperative area search strategy based on differential evolutionary particle swarm hybrid algorithm designed in this paper has higher area search efficiency compared with the traditional swarm intelligence optimization algorithm.

In order to explore the after-effect debris cloud characteristics of explosionally-formed projectile (EFP) with dense head and small aspect ratio, the FEM-SPH algorithm was used in this study to analyze the debris cloud formation process of EFP simulated projectile with an aspect ratio of 1.2 in red copper and nickel alloys. The study found: the fragment cloud after penetration of a projectile with a small aspect ratio presents an elliptic structure composed of tiny projectiles and fragments of the target plate. The increase of projectile size and penetration speed leads to the formation of more and higher fragment clouds behind the target. The residual nickel alloy projectiles exist in the head of the fragment cloud in an upset shape, causing secondary penetration of the target, while the red copper fragments have a greater degree of fragmentation. To form a large area of damage to the aftereffect target, when the projectile density is constant, the strength of the target plate mainly affects the axial expansion ability of the debris cloud, and for different projectile target materials, the radial expansion ability of the debris cloud mainly depends on the density ratio ρ_b. The research conclusion is of great significance to the design of EFP warhead’s after-effect power.

Heterogeneous scene matching, as an important auxiliary navigation method, has been widely studied. However, due to the influence of nonlinear radiation distortion and geometric deformation between heterogeneous image pairs, achieving heterogeneous image matching remains a challenging task. To address these issues, a heterogeneous scene matching method with rotation and scale invariance is proposed to simultaneously estimate the rotation, scale, and displacement variations between heterogeneous image pairs. Firstly, based on the local structural relationships of the image, local self-similarity descriptors (LSS) are used for feature description to resist the influence of nonlinear radiation differences and local deformations. Combined with the logarithmic polar coordinate transformation, the overall rotation and scale changes of the image are orthogonally expanded and represented separately in the Cartesian coordinate system. Finally, by utilizing the continuity of displacement estimation, rotation, and scale estimation, a five-dimensional feature descriptor is constructed and using phase correlation method estimates the variation of image rotation, scale and displacement simultaneously. Experiments conducted on three common types of heterogeneous image matching tasks shows that the proposed method achieves a matching accuracy of at least 4.5% higher than existing state-of-the-art methods tech, that highlights its effectiveness in the field of heterogeneous scene matching.