Since battlefield acoustic signal is complicated and fickle, a new battlefield acoustic target identification method was proposed based on wavelet packet feature parameters (WPFC) and hidden Markov model (HMM). The method uses wavelet packet to subtly divide signal's high and low frequency bands so as to obtain wavelet packet coefficients that reflect the battlefield acoustic signal better, by making use of the merits of strong ability of time-varying signals, the hidden Markov models were established as training and recognition models. The simulation results show accuracy and feasibility of the method.